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Review: TRP family proteins in the lower urinary tract: translating basic science into new clinical prospective

Department of Urology, Santa Chiara Hospital Piazza Indipendenza n° 11, 50129, Florence, Italy, lazzeri.m{at}tiscali.it

Elisabetta Costantini

Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties and Public Health, Urology and Andrology Section, University of Perugia, Italy

Massimo Porena

Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties and Public Health, Urology and Andrology Section, University of Perugia, Italy

The lower urinary tract (LUT) is densely innervated by capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent neurons, a sub set of sensory nerves, in a number of species including humans. These fibers exhibit both a sensory (afferent) function, including the regulation of the micturition reflex and the perception of pain, and an `efferent' function, involved in the detrusor smooth muscle contractility and plasma protein extravasation. The discovery of specific binding sites for capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of red chilli, initiated a rush that ended up with the cloning of the `vanilloid receptor', which belongs to the TRP (transient receptor potential) family. Here we reviewed the knowledge about the presumable functions of TRP family proteins in the LUT as regulators of bladder reflex activity, pain perception and cell differentiation. This review will focus on experimental evidence and promising clinical applications of targeting these proteins for the treatment of detrusor overactivity and bladder pain syndrome. As TRP receptor ligands may promote cellular death, and inhibit the growth of normal and neoplastic cells, the translation of basic science evidence into new clinical prospective for bladder and prostate cancer will be shown.

Key Words: sensory nerves • capsaicin • TRP family • TRPV1 • lower urinary tract • detrusor overactivity • bladder cancer • prostate cancer

Therapeutic Advances in Urology, Vol. 1, No. 1, 33-42 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1756287209103922


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